Yang Style T'ai Chi Ch'uan: Bibliography, Links, Movement Lists, Quotes, Resources, Notes.

The Yang Style of Taijiquan is the most popular and widespread version of T'ai Chi
Ch'uan (Grand Ultimate Boxing) practiced by both individuals and groups at the
beginning of the 21st century. Millions of students, advanced practitioners, and
teachers practice the Yang style of Taijiquan in every country in the world. Every day,
these health conscious persons enjoy and benefit, both in body and in mind, from this
gentle and profound system of energy enhancement, subtle self-defense, and balanced
physical exercises.

The Yang style Taijiquan martial arts have evolved over the last 160 years as they have been
successfully transplanted around the world by their creative and multi-talented teachers.
Numerous scholars and professionals have been attracted to this internal martial arts
form, to its philosophy, for its personal health benefits, and by its charismatic teachers.
These teachers have helped spread Yang style Taijiquan worldwide by forming schools,
conducting workshops, traveling, and teaching enthusiastically. They have published
articles, essays, translations, biographies, textbooks, reminiscences, and guidebooks.
They have taught on television, videotapes, and now DVDs and VCDs.

The Yang family members lived in northern China, and many persons contributed to the
development and teaching of this Yang style of T'ai Chi Ch'uan. The first person that
developed this style of Taijiquan was the illustrious and creative Yang Lu-Chan (1799-1872).
He studied Shaolin Kung Fu and the Chen Family style Taijiquan in his youth, moved to
Beijing, and then developed the Yang style of Taijiquan. "At that time, people named
this art Zhan Mian Quan (cotton boxing), Ruan Quan (soft boxing), or Hua Quan
(transformation boxing)" [Fu Zhongwen, 1963] His second son, Yang Ban Hou
(1837-1892) was a highly skilled martial artist and fighter. His third son, Yang Jiang-Hou
(1839-1917) modified his father's style of Taiji and was an expert with weapons
like the spear and staff. Yang Jiang-Hou had two sons who continued to teach
and modify the Yang family style of Taiji: Yang Chao-Hsiung (1862-1930) and the
famous Yang Cheng-Fu (1883-1936) who is also known as Yang Chao-Chin. The
Yang style really gained widespread popularity because of the teaching of
Yang Cheng-Fu, the family members teaching in southern China, Hong Kong and
Taiwan, and the many fine students of Yang Cheng-Fu, such as: the noted author
Cheng Man-Chi'ng (1901-1975), the author Fu Zhong-Wen (1903-1994), the
author Tung Ying-Chieh (1890-1964), the author Chen Wei-Ming (1881-1958),
Zhao Bin-Fu, Zhang Qing-Lin, Li Chun-Nian, Wang Ting-Xing, Yang Sau-Chung
(1910-1985), Hu Yuen-Chou, and others. Yang Cheng-Fu's three sons also taught
his system: Yang Zhen-Ming (1911-1985), Yang Zhen-Ji (1922-), and Yang Zhen-Duo
(1926-). Yang Zhen-Duo's grandson, Yang Jun, continues the family teaching traditions
in the 21st century.

Yang style Taijiquan is a complex martial art with many levels. The long hand form is
emphasized in this document. It can be done in a high, medium or low stance. The form
is practiced most often for its gentle cultivation of inner strength, its calming effects, and
its graceful and beautiful choreography. However, with proper instruction from a qualified
teacher, good physical conditioning, and dedicated practice partners, its close fighting
martial aspects can be explored to great depths. The Yang style includes short hand forms,
a fast hand form, a sword form, a saber form, a staff form, two person practice sets, drills,
push hands practice and competition, and sparring. There is a considerable body of
literature about the Yang style of martial arts, with many practical and philosophical
insights for scholarly Yang Taijiquan practitioners and martial artists of other styles.

Yang style Taijiquan, as a internal martial art (Nei Jia Quan), is grounded in a group of
core practice principles: relaxation (Song), circular movements, martial applications, rooting
(Gen), moving from the waist (Yao), chi and springy (Jin) energies, softness (Rou), fluidity and
expansiveness, good timing and coordination, fullness and emptiness, deep and coordinated
breathing, becoming calm and quiet (Jing), mind/intent (Yi) leading bodily movements, and
other principles found in the Taiji Classics.

Most new students learning the long hand form need careful and specific instructions from a
instructor that knows the form. If you can learn 3 new movements each week, it will take
you about 6 months to learn to perform the entire form in your solo practice; and many
years to learn about all the nuances and applications of the Yang long form. Some
beginning students benefit from having a written list of the movements to help them
remember the sequence, direction, and some of the nuances of the posture. Some
students need someone to talk them through the postures many times before they
can commit the sequence to memory. Some students without access to teachers
do make steady progress on their own using videotapes, DVDs and books; and then
advance their knowledge by attending workshops and seminars on the form. Everyone,
of course, needs to practice on their own each day in order to make any real progress
in mastering this long hand form. Students will have different learning styles, and successful
teachers will use a variety of teaching styles to facilitate efficient and effective learning.

In order to provide readers with a good idea about the Yang style long hand form,
I have studied a number of books, videotapes, and DVDs teaching the movements
in the Yang Family Taijiquan long hand form - the one popularized by Yang Cheng-Fu
(1883-1936). The third published book version in 1931 by Yang Cheng-Fu of his
Taijiquan hand form had a series of 85 movements; and the fourth book published
in 1934, titled "The Essence and Applications of Taijiquan," edited by Cheng Man-Chi'ng,
had the same series with 94 numbered movements. The sequence of movements
in the 88 movement Yang style long form are also clearly described and illustrated
in the book "Mastering Yang Style Taijiquan" by Fu Zhong-Wen (1963, 1999).
The 88 movement Yang style long form described by Zhang Fuxing (1996) is
very similar to that described by Fu Zhong-Wen.  The 108 movement Yang style long
form as outlined below seems to me to be substantially the same as the 105 movement
Yang style long form pictured by Jou, Tsung-Hwa (1980), the detailed 150 movement
instruction guide by T. T. Liang and S.A. Olsen (1992), the carefully photographed
and brief descriptions of the Yang style long form movements presented in the book
edited by John Little and Curtis Wong (2000), and the 103 movement form described
and illustrated by Yang Zhen-Duo, Yang Chen-Fu's son, in "Yang Style Taijiquan" (1996).
Although this Yang style long hand form sequence is numbered differently by these
knowledgeable teachers, the essential Yang style forms (postures) and sequence and
flow of the forms (postures) are all nearly identical.

Instructional videotapes or DVDs or VCDs for the 108 movement Yang style long form
are now widely available. One can study this popular form using useful instructional
videotapes or DVDs produced by Terence Dunn, Lu Gui Rong, Yu Cheng Hsiang,
Ye Xiao Long, Jiang Jian-ye, Fong Ha, Alex Dong, Michael Chan, Erle Montaigue,
Yang Jwing-Ming, Jesse Tsao, Yang Zhen Duo and Yang Jun, and many others.
Which ones are my favorites?

All of the instructional resources, books, DVDs and videotapes, mentioned on
this webpage are cited in the detailed bibliography provided below. Readers
are also referred to my bibliography in the Cloud Hands website for related resources.

There has been a general trend to developing shorter and simplified versions of the
T'ai Chi Ch'uan long forms. Advocates of longer forms and purists sometimes criticize this
development on the grounds that the shorter forms are less physically demanding,
are not long enough to allow for the relaxation response to come into play, omit
movements that develop both sides of the body, omit important movements with good
martial applications, and stray from the "traditions" of long boxing. The long form
can be divided into three sections (#1-#17, #18-#55, #56-#108), so it already has
shorter versions built it, when time does not permit practice of the entire form. Advocates
for both long and short versions argue that shorter forms allow new students to progress
to longer forms in a more satisfactory and efficient manner, provide an alternative for
busy persons, provide short versions for competition, and can give a taste of the style to
students wishing to study more than one family style (Yang, Chen, Wu, Wu-Hao, or Sun)
before they invest time in learning the long form of a particular style. There are numerous
shorter versions of the Yang style of Taijiquan: the Beijing Short Form simplified
24 movement version in the Yang style, the Cheng Man-ching 37 movement simplified
Taiji form in a modified Yang style, the 42 movement Yang style competition form developed
by the Chinese National Wushu Association, a 48 movement Yang style version by the
Chinese National Athletic Association, and a delightful fast set version of Yang style
Taijiquan as taught by Master Dong Ying-jie.

Best wishes for success in learning to master this beautiful T'ai Chi Ch'uan Yang style
long form. Enjoy yourself! May you have the strength and skills to Ward-Off the real
dangers to your mindfulness and well being, the will to Repulse the Monkey of laziness,
and the desire to Embrace the Tiger of inner power. I hope you can go on to have a
long and healthy life to delight in the playful art of Moving Hands Like Clouds.

Yang Cheng-Fu, 1883-1936
The very influential Yang style Taijiquan teacher in China.
Creator of the popular Yang Style Long Form

Advanced Yang Style Tai Chi Chuan. Volume One: Tai Chi Theory and Tai Chi Jing.
By Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming. Boston, Massachusetts, Yang's Martial Arts Academy,
YMAA, 1986. Glossary, 276 pages. ISBN: Unknown.

Advanced Yang Style Tai Chi Chuan. Volume Two: Martial Applications. By
Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming. Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, Yang's Martial Arts Academy,
YMAA, 1986. Glossary, 246 pages. ISBN: Unknown.

Application Methods of Taijiquan, by Yang, Chengfu, 1931, refer below to
"Taijiquan Shiyong Fa."

Authentic Yang Style Tai Chi Chuan. Instructional videotape. Features Fu Sheng Yuan,
5th generation Yang style, and son of the famous Fu Zhong Wen (1904-1994).

The Before Heaven 16-Posture I Ching T'ai Chi Form (Hsien T'ien T'ai Chi).
16-Posture T'ai Chi According to the Interaction of the Eight Trigram Images.
Developed by Stuart Alve Olson. Published in 2001, pp. 127-199, in
T'ai Chi According to the I Ching: Embodying the Principles of the Book of Changes.
Cheng Man-ch'ing (1901-1975)   Links, bibliography, a list of the movements in
the 37 movements short form of Master Cheng, quotations, and notes.  This short
form is very similiar to the first section of the Yang style 108 long form. This book
is one of the best studies on the relation of the Tai Chi Chuan form to the I Ching,
Book of Changes.

"Big Circle and Small Circle T'ai Chi." Interview with Lu Gui Rong by George Xu,
edited by Marvin Smalheiser. T'ai Chi, Vol. 25, No. 2, April, 2001, pp. 10-16.

Breathing Exercises and Chi (Qi)

"A Brief Introduction to Yang Family 88 Taiji San-Shou."   By Key Sun and Leroy
Clark.   T'ai Chi: The International Magazine of T'ai Chi Ch'uan, Vol. 27, No. 6,
December, 2003, pp. 48- 55. Includes 88 color photographs to two players
doing the form.

Chang San-feng (circa 1300 CE) Master Chang was believed to be the creator of
the internal art of Taijiquan. This webpage includes a bibliography, links, quotes,
notes, legends and lore, 45 Kb. He is a patron saints of Taijiquan, and his
birthday, April 9th, is often a time of festivities

Cheng Man-ch'ing (1901-1975)   Links, bibliography, a list of the movements in
the 37 movement short form of Master Cheng, quotations, and notes.  Master Cheng
was a medical doctor, author, painter, teacher, and Taiji and sword master. He was
a student of Yang Cheng-Fu (1883-1936). Master Cheng was a very influential Yang
style teacher in New York in the 1960's.

Chen Style Taijiquan: The Source of Taiji Boxing. By Davidine Siaw-Voon Sim and
David Gaffney. Berkeley, CA, North Atlantic Books, 2002. Index, charts, 224 pages.
ISBN: 1556433778. MGC. Provides an excellent introduction to Chen style Taijiquan
history and legends, outlines the major forms, discusses the philosophy and foundations
of the art, and gives very good information on training methods, push hands, and weapons.

Chen Wei-Ming (1881-1958) Student of Yang Cheng-Fu. Compiler and editor of
Yang Cheng-Fu's 1931 book: Chen Weiming was an editor working for the
"Qing Dynasty History Institute" in Shanghai.

"Chen Yanling on Practice" Translated by Alex Yeo. Chen Yanling was also known
as Chen Gong, Chen Kung or Yearning K. Chen. Tai Chi International Magazine,
Vol. 27, No. 4, August 2003, pp. 36- 40.

China's Living Treasures: Tai Chi, Parts 1 and 2. Featuring Fu Zhong Wen,
Fu Sheng Yuan, and Low Gao Ming. Available from One Hand Video.

�Classical Tai Chi Chuan Sword, Taijiquan Jian 55 in the Yang Style: Comparison of Names or Descriptions for the 55 Movements.� Green Way Research, Red Bluff, California, January 2008. By Michael P. Garofalo. This document includes a detailed listing of the names or brief descriptions of the 55 movements of the Classical Taijiquan Straight Sword Form in the Yang Style of Taijiquan. This document includes names or brief descriptions for each movement in English, Romanized Chinese (Pinyin and/or Wade Giles), Chinese characters, Spanish, French, German, and Japanese. The document includes source citations and a bibliography. In PDF format, print only, 280Kb, 38 pages:
Webpage: http://www.egreenway.com/taichichuan/Classical Taijiquan Yang Sword Form 55 List Detailed.pdf

Combat Techniques of Taiji, Xing Yi, and Bagua: Principles and Practices of Internal
Martial Arts. By Lu Shengli. Translated and Edited by Zhang Yun and Susan Darley.
Berkeley, California, Blue Snake Books, 2006. 369 pages. ISBN:9583941452. MGC.
General history and principles of 3 internal arts, basic movements, basic gongfu
training techniques, and a detailed description with photographs of the Sixteen-Posture
form (pp. 231-356).

A Comparative Study Between the Traditional Yang Style of Yang Chengfu and
Cheng Man Ching's Style. By J. Justin Meehan. 20Kb+

The Complete Book of Tai Chi Chuan: A Comprehensive Guide to the Principles
and Practice. By Wong Kiew Kit. Shaftesbury, Dorset, Element, 1996. Index,
bibliography, 316 pages. ISBN: 1852307927. MGC. The Yang long form
is covered on pp.204 -228. It is an 85 movement form by Yang Deng Fu and a list
of the movements as well as detailed line drawings of the form are provided. The
book also has examples of many martial applications.

"Cultivating Jing, Qi and Yi." By Paul Lam, M.D.. T'ai Chi: The International
Magazine of T'ai Chi Ch'uan. Vol. 27, No. 2, April 2003, pp. 36-38..

Cultivating the Chi: The Secrets of Energy and Vitality.   Compiled and translated by
Stuart Alve Olson.   Revised and expanded third edition.   Chen Kung Series, Volume One.
St. Paul, Minnesota, Dragon Door Publications, 1993. Index, 166 pages.
ISBN: 0938045113. MGC.

Dong Family Orthodox Yang Style Long Form and Fast Form   Master Alex Dong.
Includes both the Yang style slow form and the fast form.  A demonstration video is available.
It features four generations of the Dong Family: Dong (Tung) Ying Chieh, Dong Hu (Tung Fu)
Ling, and Dong Zeng Chen performaing the 108 sequence of Yang style taijiquan.

Dong Yingjie (Tung Ying-Chieh) (1890-1964) Noted student of Yang, Cheng-Fu. Dong wrote
the 1931 book on "Application Methods of Taijiquan" for Yang, Cheng-Fu.

Eight Section Brocade Qigong By Michael P. Garofalo. 309Kb, April, 2005.
Provides information about the history and purpose of this popular Chi Kung practice. Detailed
descriptions are provided for each of the eight movements; including information on
movement variations, health benefits, qigong meaning, and cautions. The document includes
the most extensive bibliography, link guide, and comments on Ba Duan Jin Qigong resources
available anywhere. Some animated graphics are provided in linked files. This document
is updated as new information is discovered. The document is about 80 pages long. Many
Yang style players warm up with the Eight Section Brocade.

The Essence and Applications of Taijiquan. By Yang, Cheng-Fu (1883-1936).
Translated by Louis Swaim. The original publication date was in 1934. The
original book was edited by Professor Cheng Man-Chi'ng. Berkeley, California,
North Atlantic Books, 2005. Introduction, appendices, bibliography, 124 pages.
ISBN: 1556435452.  MGC.

The Essence of T'ai Chi Ch'uan: The Literary Tradition. Translated and edited by
Benjamin Pang Jeng Lo; Martin Inn, Robert Amacker, and Susan Foe. Berkeley,
California, North Atlantic Books, 1979, 1985. 100 pages. ISBN: 0913028630.

Fast Form - Yang Style Tung Ying-Chieh = Dong Ying-Jie ?? [Wu Ta-yeh
said that prior to 1914 Yang Cheng-fu would practice one round of his form
in less than 9 minutes with brisk kicks and some fa-jing. Ah - Youth!]

"Generating Internal Energy." Interview with Yang Zhenduo by Chris Pei,
edited by Marvin Smalheiser. T'ai Chi: The International Magazine
of T'ai Chi Ch'uan. Vol. 18, No. 5, October, 1994, pp. 4-10.

"Getting All Parts to Work Together." By Mark Wasson. T'ai Chi: The
International Magazine of T'ai Chi Ch'uan. Vol. 27, No. 4, August,
2003, pp. 41-44.

Handbook of T'ai Chi Ch'uan Exercises. By Zhang, Fuxing. York Beach, Maine,
Samuel Weiser, Inc., 1996. Index, 198 pages. ISBN: 0877288917.   MGC. Includes
a detailed description and line drawings of the Simplified 24 Movement Yang style
short form, and the standard traditional 88 movement Yang style long form.   Information
on major characteristics of Yang style, key points of practice, and push hands.

"History of the Yang Style Taijiquan." By Fu Zhongwen and Dr. Mei Ying Sheng.
Compiled by Ted W. Knecht. T'ai Chi, Vol. 18, No. 4, August, 1994, pp. 16-19.

"Illustrated Explanation of Taijiquan Forms." By Xu, Loung Hou. Published in 1921. Xu was
a student of Yang Jian Hou, Yang Cheng-Fu's father. This was the first widely read book
on the subject of Taijiquan.

"Imagery for Taiji Stance and Stepping." By Martin Mellish. Found in the magazine:
Qi: The Journal of Tranditional Eastern Health and Fitness, Volume 16, No. 1,
Spring, 2006, pp. 44-49.

"The Importance of Brush Knee Practice." By Gerald A. Sharp.
T'ai Chi, Vol. 25, No. 2, April, 2001, pp. 31-34.

International Center for the Healing Arts. Port Townsend, WA. Michael Gilman
Yang style Taijiquan hand and weapons forms. Instructional videotapes and DVDs,
and numerous excellent on-line classes are offered. Detailed long form instructional
resources.

The Intrinsic Energies of T'ai Chi Ch'uan. Compiled and translated by Stuart Alve Olson.
Chen Kung Series, Volume Two.   Saint Paul, Minnesota, Dragon Door Publications, 1994.
Index, 194 pages. ISBN: 093804513X.

List of Movements in Yang Style Long Hand Form
Created by Yang Cheng-Fu (1883-1936)

Notes by Michael P. Garofalo for Valley Spirit Taijiquan students.

First Section List, Part I, Movements 1 - 17, Yang Long Form 108
Provides a list with the number of the movement, the direction one is facing at the end
of that movement, the name of the movement, and a brief description or notes
about the movement.
In the PDF format (print only), 1 page, 48Kb.
In the HTML format provided below in this document.

Second Section List, Part I, Movements 18 - 37, Yang Long Form 108
Provides a list with the number of the movement, the direction one is facing at the end
of that movement, the name of the movement, and a brief description or notes
about the movement.
In the PDF format (print only), 1 page, 53Kb.
In the HTML format provided below in this document.

Seond Section List, Part II, Movements 38 - 55, Yang Long Form 108.
Provides a list with the number of the movement, the direction one is facing at the
end of that movement, the name of the movement, and a brief description or notes
about the movement.
In the PDF format (print only), 1 page, 48Kb.
In the HTML format provided below in this document.

Third Section List, Part I, Movements 56 - 82, Yang Long Form 108
Provides a list with the number of the movement, the direction one is facing at the end
of that movement, the name of the movement, and a brief description or notes
about the movement.
In the PDF format (print only), 1 page, 65Kb.
In the HTML format provided below in this document.

Third Section List, Part II, Movements 83 - 108, Yang Long Form 108.
Provides a list with the number of the movement, the direction one is facing at the end
of that movement, the name of the movement, and a brief description or notes
about the movement.
In the PDF format (print only), 1 page, 63Kb.
In the HTML format provided below in this document.

"Li Yaxuan's Yang Style." An interview with Chen Longxiang, longtime student of
Li Yaxuan. Translated by Yan Shufan. Tai Chi International Magazine, Vol. 27,
No. 3, June 2003, p. 21-25.

"A Look at the T'ai Chi Hand." By Michael Gilman. Tai Chi International Magazine,
Vol. 24, No. 1, February 2000, p. 39-42. "The hands contain over one quarter of all the
bones of the body. One sixth of all the muscles of the body are used in hand movements.
A singl hand movement can involve as many as 50 muscles working together. There
are as many as 21,000 sensors of heat, pressure, and pain per square inch of the
fingertips. The hands can destroy or heal, cause pleasure or pain."

Lost T'ai-chi Classics from the Late Ch'ing Dynasty. By Douglas Wile. State University of
New York Press, 1996. ISBN: 079142653X. Index, charts, bibliography, 233 pages. The
most detailed and scholarly account of Tai Chi Chuan classics available. Analysis and
translation of many new texts. Outstanding contribution!

Mastering Yang Style Taijiquan. Bu Fu Zongwen (1903-1994). Translated by Louis Swaim.
Berkeley, California, North Atlantic Books, 1999. Glossary, bibliography, 226 pages.
Translations of many Tai Chi classics are included. A list of the 85 movement long form
and detailed notes and descriptions of each movement are provided. 251 movement
analysis illustrations. Over 76 of the illustrations are traced and drawn from photographs of
Yang Cheng-Fu. Detailed descriptions of the long form, pp. 26-162. Push hands information.
Yang Tai Chi essentials. ISBN: 1556433182. I have found this to be an excellent book!
This book was first published in 1963 in China as "Yang Shi Taijiquan". An informative
introduction and good translation by Louis Swaim. MGC.

Yang Lu-Chan, 1799-1872
Founder of Yang Style Taijiquan
Grandfather of Yang Cheng-Fu

Nei Jia Quan: Internal Martial Arts Teachers of Tai Ji Quan, Xing Yi Quan and
Ba Gua Zhang. Edited by Jess O'Brien. Berkeley, California, North Atlantic
Books, 2004. 326 pages. ISBN: 1556435061. Description. Extended
interviews with Tim Cartmell, Gabriel Chin, Gail Derin-Kellog, Bruce K. Frantzis,
Paul Gale, Fong Ha, William Lewis, Luo De Xiu, Allen Pittman, James Wing Woo,
Tony Yang, Zhao Da Yuan, and Albert Liu.

101 Reflections on Tai Chi Chuan. A Motivational Pocket Guide for Tai Chi Chuan.
By Michael Gilman. Boston, MA, YMAA Publication Center, 2000. 114 pages.
ISBN: 1886960868. MGC. Mr. Gilman has many books, online articles, and videotapes
for learning Yang style Taiji.

On Tai Chi Chuan. By T.Y. Pang. Tai Chi School of Philosphy and Art, 1988.
325 pages. ISBN: 0961207019.

The Origin and Development of Yang Style. By Alex Yeo.
Part 1. Introduction, Yang Luchan (1799-1872).
Tai Chi, June 2003, Volume 26, Number 3, pp 41-46.
Part 2
Part 3. The Ten Parts of Yang Funei Taijiquan.
Tai Chi, April 2003, Volume 27, Number 2, pp. 48- 51.
Part 4. The Complete Yang Style Taijiquan System.
Tai Chi, June 2003, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp 44.-47.

Orthodox Chinese Taiji Quan. An 88 minutes videotape that teaches the standard Yang
style, Beijing version, short form of Tai Chi Chuan. Includes footage of other styles and
push hands.

Short Form, Simplified 24 Movements, Tai Chi Chuan, Yang Style, Beijing Standard.
By Michael P. Garofalo.   List of the movements (.html and .pdf), links,
bibliography, quotations, and notes.

Standard Simplified Taijiquan 24 Form. Yang Style, 24 movements, created in 1956. Bibliography, links, resources; list of the 24 movement names in English, Chinese, French, German and Spanish, with citations for movement names; detailed descriptions of each movement with line illustrations; quotes, notes, performance times, online videos, sections for learning, and tips for learning. Peking (Bejing) orthodox short 24 form T'ai Chi Ch'uan. Research by Michael P. Garofalo. 145Kb HTML file. Published by Green Way Research, Valley Spirit Taijiquan, Red Bluff, California: Webpage URL: http://www.egreenway.com/taichichuan/short.htm.

Stillness in Movement: The Practice of Tai Chi Chuan. Featuring Master Fong Ha.
108 postures. 120 minute VHS instructional videotape.  Vision Arts Video,
1996. ISBN: 0965365107. MGC. Produced by Sanford Rosenberg.

Sun Style of T'ai Chi Ch'uan: Standard Competition 73 Movements Form. Research by Michael P. Garofalo, M.S.. Webpage: 450Kb, June 2008. This webpage includes an introduction, information on the history of the Sun Taijiquan forms, a detailed bibliography, extensive links, references to video resources, a large collections of quotations about Sun Taijiquan, recommendations on the best media resources on the topic, and suggestions for learning the 73 competition Sun Taijiquan form. A detailed comparative list of the names of each of the 73 movements is provided, with source references, and the movement names are given in English, Chinese, Chinese characters, French, German, and Spanish. This webpage includes detailed descriptions of each of the 73 movements with black and white illustrations for each movement sequence along with commentary and comparisons. Many additional nomenclature lists and section study charts in the PDF format, photographs and graphics are also provided - over 1.3 MB of information. This webpage is the most detailed and complete document on the subject of the Sun Taijiquan Competition 73 Form available on the Internet. This document was published by Green Way Research, Valley Spirit Taijiquan, Red Bluff, California, 2008. URL: http://www.egreenway.com/taichichuan/sun73.htm.

"Suppleness and Strength in Taijiquan." By Wu, Ta-yeh. Internal Arts, Vol. 3, No. 6,
November, 1988, p. 8-9.

T'ai Chi. T'ai Chi: The International Magazine of T'ai Chi Ch'uan. Wayfarer Publications.
Editor/Publisher: Marvin Smalheiser. Numerous articles on Yang style Taijiquan.

The Tai Chi Book: Beginning and Enjoying a Lifetime of Practice. By Robert Chuckrow,
Ph.D.. Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, YMAA Publication Center, c 1998. 209 pages.
ISBN: 1886969647. An excellent general introduction to Taiji from the Yang style
perspective.

Tai Chi Chuan's Internal Secrets.   By Doc Fai Wong and Jane Hallander. Burbank,
California, Unique Publications Inc., 1991. 124 pages. ISBN: 0865681473. Photos
and brief descriptions of the 108 movement Yang style long form. Brief, but
informative, presentations about stances, chi kung, breathing, practice tips,
applications, and push hands.  A good book for Yang style beginners to purchase,
to supplement direct instruction. I really like the black and white photo sequence
of the form.

T'ai Chi Ch'uan, Sword, Saber, Staff and Dispersing-Hands Combined. By Chen Yen-lin.
Originally published in China in 1932. Based on writings compiled by Wu Ho-ching who
was a scholar and student of Yang Lu-chan (1799 - 1872). These written works were
obtained by Chen Yen-lin (1906 - ?) from the famous Yang Cheng-fu (1883 - 1936). This
book was very popular in China, helped spread the Yang style Tai Chi Chuan widely,
and opened the doors to publishing about internal arts forms. This book has been
compiled and translated by Stuart Alve Olson and published by Dragon Door
Publications as the Chen Kung Series, Volumes 1 -5.

T'ai Chi Ch'uan Ta Wen: Questions and Answers on T'ai Chi Ch'uan. By Chen Wei-Ming.
Translated by Benjamin Pan Jeng Lo and Robert W. Smith. Berkeley, California,
North Atlantic Books, 1986. 61 pages. ISBN: 0938190679.

T'ai Chi Classics. By Waysun Liao. New translations of three essential texts of T'ai Chi
Ch'uan with commentary and practical instruction by Waysun Liao. Illustrated by the author.
Boston, Shambhala, 1990. 210 pages. ISBN: 087773531X.

Tai Chi Connections: Advancing Your Tai Chi Experience. By John Loupos.
Boston, MA, YMAA Publication Center, 2005. Index, 194 pages.
ISBN: 1594390320.

T'ai Chi For Health - Yang Long Form with Terence Dunn. VHS videotape,
120 minutes. Healing Arts, 1990. Produced and created by Terence Dunn.
ISBN: 6301866584. An excellent instructional videotape! Fine studio
photography with clearn front view and with a side view insert.  This very
reasonably priced videotape is, in my opinion, the best in the genre and
should be a first choice for beginners.

Tai Chi Secrets of the Ancient Masters.   Translated by Yang Jwing-ming.   Edited by
Yang Jwing-ming and James C. O'Leary.   Selected readings with commentary on
Tai Chi Treasures.   Jamaica Plain, MA, YMAA Publications, 1999. 128 pages.
ISBN: 188696971X.

Tai Chi Secrets of the Yang Style. Translated with commentary by Yang Jwing-ming.
Translations and commentary on Chinese Classics.   Boston, MA, YMAA
Publications, 2001. Index, glossary, 192 pages.   ISBN: 1886969094.
A translation of 49 documents by Yang, Ban-Hou (1837-1892) and by a
few other Yang family members.

T'ai Chi Sensing- Hands. A Complete Guide to T'ai Chi T'ui-Shou Training
from Original Yang Family Records. Translation and commentary by Stuart Alve
Olson. Multi-Media Books, Division of CFW Enterprises, 1999.
Distributed by Unique Publications, Burbank, CA. First Edition. 280 pages.
ISBN: 1892515156. Part of the Cehn Kung (Yearning K. Chen) T'ai Chi
Series.

Taiji Sword, Classical Yang Style: The Complete Form, Qigong and Applications.
By Yang, Jwing-Ming. Edited by James C. O'Leary. Boston, Mass., YMAA
Publications, 1999. Index, glossary, list of form postures, 205 pages.
ISBN: 1886969744. MGC. Chinese Swordplay.

Tai Chi Theory and Martial Power: Advanced Yang Style Tai Chi. By Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming.
Jamaica Plain, Mass., YMAA Publication Center, 1996. Second Edition. Glossary, index,
268 pages. MGC. ISBN: 1886969434.

Tai Chi Yang Style Members can access artiles, animations of the form, news, links, a BBS,
and school information.

Taijiquan, Classical Yang Style - The Complete Form and Qigong. By Yang, Jwing-Ming. Boston, MA, YMAA Publications Center, 1999. Index, glossary,
333 pages, 562 illustrations. ISBN:188696968X. There is also an instructional videotape and DVD to supplement this book. The DVD contains the complete form, gigong, details instructions for each movement, and 13 postures. Performed by Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming and Robert Was. 240 Minutes, DVD9-NTSC, 2003. DVD ISBN: 0940871645. MGC. His version of the form differs somewhat from the "standard" version, particularly on left side versions of movements.

The Taijiquan Classics: An Annotated Translation.   By Barbara Davis. Includes a
commentary by Chen Wei-ming. San Franscisco, North Atlantic Books, 2004.
Index, bibliography, notes, 200 pages. ISBN: 1556434316.

Taijiquan. By Li Deyin. London, Singing Dragon, 2004, 2008. In English. 402 pages. ISBN: 9781848190047, 1848190042. Includes a complimentary DVD. Includes descriptions, with photographs, of the 81 Yang Taijiquan form, Simplified 24 Taijiquan, Competition 42 Taijiquan, Competition 42 Taiji Sword, and the 32 Taiji Sword. The Yang long form (81 Steps) includes photographs of Li Yulin performing the Yang long form in 1931. Li Yulin and Li Jinglin, under the supervision of Yang Chengfu, were preparing a book on the subject later published under the title "Textbook of Taijiquan." The 81 form is described in detail in this new book by Li Deyin.

Taijiquan Shiyong Fa (Application Methods of Taijiquan). By Yang, Chengfu.
1931. Reprint edition, Taibei: Zhenshanmei Chubanshe, 1983. Known to have
been compiled and edited by one of Yang's noted students, Dong Yingjie
(Tung Ying-Chieh). Includes photographs of Yang Cheng-Fu, Chen Wei-ming,
and Tung Ying-chieh.

Taijiquan Theory of Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming: The Root of Taijiquan. By Yang Jwing-Ming.
Boston, Massachusetts, 2003. References, glossary, index, 270 pages. ISBN: 0940871432.

The Tao of Tai-Chi Chuan: Way to Rejuvenation.   By Jou, Tsung Hwa.   Edited by Shoshana
Shapiro. Warwick, New York, Tai Chi Foundation, 1980. 263 pages. First Edition.
ISBN: 0804813574. Excellent textbook. A Third Edition is now available.  The Yang
Family Tai Chi Chuan is covered on pp. 42 - 69. A list of the 105 movements is provided.
Detailed line drawings of the movements are included. The drawings are tracings of
Yang Chen-Fu (1883-1936) also called Yang Chao-Chin.

"The Teaching of Yang Shou-Zhong." By Paul Lam. T'ai Chi, Vol. 25, No. 4,
August 2001, pp. 30-32. Yang Shou-Zhong was the eldest son of Yang Cheng-fu.

The Teachings of Master T. T. Liang: Imagination Becomes Reality. A Complete Guide to the
150 Posture Solo Form. Compiled by Stuart Alve Olson. 287 pages. Minnesota, Dragon Door
Publications, 1986, 1992. Second Edition. MGC. ISBN: 0938045091. Hundreds of detailed
pictures of the form, including some interesting multi-exposure photographs of Mr. Olson doing
the long form. The is an outstanding guide to the Yang Style form. The explanations are
superior and the photography outstanding. One of my favorite guides to Yang style Tai
Chi Chuan.

Thank You Very Much: David Tobey of Seattle. I appreciate your suggestions and comments
about this webpage.

Thirteen Postures of Taijiquan. Bibliography, links, notes, charts, quotes. 8 Gates and
5 Steps of T'ai Chi Ch'uan. By Michael P. Garofalo. 65Kb+.

Traditional Yang Style Tai Chi. Instructional VHS videotape by Shifu Jiang Jian-ye. 132 minutes,
two videotapes. Website: Jiang's Tai Chi Videos.

Traditional Yang Style Taiji Sword. This instructional videotape features Yang Zhen Dou, 4th
generation Yang family, son of Yang Cheng-fu, and Yang Jun, 6th generation, grandson of
Yang Zhen Duo. There is now an "English Version" of this VHS videotape, 60 minutes,
from United States Wushu Academy, 7521 Arlington Blvd., Falls Church, VA 22042, Phone:
703-698-8182.

Traditional Yang Style Taijiquan. This instructional videotape features Yang Zhen Dou, 4th
generation Yang family, son of Yang Cheng-fu, and Yang Jun, 6th generation, grandson of
Yang Zhen Duo. This tree volume videotape is narrated in Chinese. A booklet with the English
translation is available. Available from Taste of China, 111-S Shirley Street, Winchester,
VA 22601, 540-667-7595. There is now an "English Version" of this VHS videotape, 6 hours,
from United States Wushu Academy, 7521 Arlington Blvd., Falls Church, VA 22042, Phone:
703-698-8182. They also offer instructional videotapes on the Traditional Yang Style
Taiji Saber, and Traditional Yang Style Taiji Sword, both by Master Yang Zhen Dou.

"Traditional Yang Style Training." An interview with Yang Fukui. T'ai Chi,
Vol. 24, No. 5, October, 2000, pp. 17- 24.

A Tribute to Yang Shaozhong (1910-1985). By Daniel K. Wong. T'ai Chi: The International
Magazine of T'ai Chi Ch'uan, Vol. 27, No. 6, December, 2003, pp. 30-38. Yang Shaozhong
was the oldest son of Grandmaster Yang Chengfu. By age 14 he was working as his
father's assistant. He worked for the government and in private practice in many provinces
in China. He had one book published, Usage and Variations of Taijiquan with Illustrated
Demonstration by Two, Hong Kong, 1962.

"The True History of the Yang Style." Inteview with Fu Zhongwen by Marvin Smalheiser.
T'ai Chi, Vol. 25, No. 6, December, 2001, pp. 18-20.

Tsao, Jesse - Taijiquan Master. San Diego, CA. He offers numerous videotapes,
and one of his instructional videotapes is on the Yang style long form 108.

Tung Ying-Chieh (Dong Yingjie) (1890-1964) Noted student of Yang, Cheng-Fu. Tung wrote
the 1931 book on "Application Methods of Taijiquan" for Yang, Cheng-Fu.

Ultimate Guide to Tai Chi. (The Best of Kung-Fu Magazine). Edited by John R.
Little and Curtis F. Wong. Chicago, IL, Contemporary Books, 2000. 301 pages.
ISBN: 0809228335. MGC. Includes a photographic study of all the postures
in the Yang 108 long form, pp. 33-115. Many very intersting and informative articles.

Valley Spirit Tai Chi Chuan Journal. A journal with reflections, notes, suggestions,
references, questions and answers, links and quotations. By Michael P. Garofalo.

81 Step Yang Style Taiji. Ms. Zong Weijie performs 81-step Yang-style of Taijiquan in Beijing. Extracted from a Chinese educational video. Zong Weijie is a lecturer at Beijing University of Physical Education, and several times China's National champion in Taijiquan and Taiji sword.

Videotapes on Yang Style Tai Chi Chuan. Wayfarer Catalog. Distributes videotapes
by Lu Gui Rong, Terry Dunn, Doc-Fai Wong, Fong Ha, Jiang Jian-ye, Ye Xiao Long,

"Wang Haijun on Eight Methods of Training Jin," by David Gaffney, T'ai Chi: The International
Magazine of T'ai Chi Ch'uan: Vol. 29, No. 4, August, 2005, pp. 5-10. Translation by Davidine
Diaw-Voon Sim.

Way of the Short Staff. By Michael P. Garofalo, M.S. A comprehensive guide to the practice of the short staff, cane, jo, walking stick, gun, zhang, whip staff, 13 Hands Staff, and related wood short staff weapons. A detailed and annotated guide, bibliography, lists of links, resources, instructional media, online videos, and lessons. Includes use of the short staff and cane in martial arts, self-defense, walking and hiking. Separate sections on Aikido Jo, Cane, Taijiquan cane and staff, Jodo, exercises with a short staff, selected quotations, techniques, selecting and purchasing a short staff, tips and suggestions, and a long section on the lore, legends, and magick of the short staff. Includes "Shifu Miao Zhang Points the Way." Published by Green Way Research, Valley Spirit Taijiquan, Red Bluff, California. Updated on a regular basis since October, 2008. Filesize: 275 Kb. Related to Mike's popular webpage on the Staff.

Yang Cheng-Fu (July 7, 1883 - March 3, 1936) Grandson of Yang Lu-Chan.
Father of Yang Zheng-Duo.

1883 He was born on July 7, 1883. His father was Yang Jiang-Hou
(1839-1917). He was the grandson of Yang Lu-Chan (1799-1872).

1888 He had an older brother, Yang Chao-Hsiung (1862-1930), who
also taught Yang Taijiquan.

1903   He began the study of Yang Taijiquan. He was not interested in
            martial arts in his youth. Although his father was alive, older brother,
            and other advanced Yang students, and they all contributed to his growing
            knowledge of the Yang style of martial arts, Yang Chengfu was largely
            self-taught according to many commentators.

1908   His adult personality is often described as friendly, kind, openhearted,
            and gentle. He was very popular as a teacher, an avoided hurting his
            students and challengers. He was a large man - over 230 pounds.

1921   "Illustrated Explanation of Taijiquan Forms," by Xu, Long Hou is published.
            Xu was a student of Yang Cheng-Fu's father. This book helped popularize
            Yang style Taijiquan.

1925   "The Art of Taijiquan," by Yang Chengfu is published in Shanghai. It was
            compiled and edited by his disciple, the editor and writer Chen Wei-ming
            (1881-1958).

1926   His third son was born, Yang Zhen-Duo (1926-).

1930   "The Complete Principles and Theory of Taijiquan," published in Shanghai
            by Yang Chengfu.
            Cheng Man-Chi'ng (1901-1975) begins studying with Yang Chengfu.

1931   "Applications of Taijiquan," is published in Shanghai. Known to have been
            compiled and edited by one of Yang's noted students, Dong Yingjie
            (Tung Ying-Chieh), 1890-1964.

1933   "Taijiquan Exercise and Application," published in Shanghai.

"Yang Cheng-Fu's Early and Later Postures." By Wu Ta-yeh and Wu Teng
Shu-hsien. T'ai Chi, Vol. 24, No. 6, December, 2001, pp. 14-15.

Yang Family Tai Chi Chuan. Instructional videotape, 65 minutes, Part 1. Featuring
Lu Gui Rong. Volume 37

Yang Family Tai Chi 108 Form with Grandmaster Doc-Fai Wong. ALC Productions,
P. O. Box 320532, San Francisco, CA 94132. Produced in 1997. VHS, 55 Minutes.
Website: Doc-Fai Wong Martial Arts Centers - Plum Blossom International Federation.
Grandmaster Wong has a Ph.D., O.M.D., authored two books, made a dozen
instructional videotapes, and is the President of the Plum Blossom International
Federation of Choy Li Fut and Tai Chi Chuan. Grandmaster Wong was a student
of Hu Yuen Chou, a disciple of Yang Cheng-Fu. This videotape features a spirited
performance of the form by Grandmaster Wong shown from three different views;
but this is not an instructional videotape.

Yang Family Tai Chi Chuan International Organization Headquaters in Seattle, WA.
Led by Masters Yang Zhen Duo and Yang Jun. YangChen Fu Tai Chi style. Association,
ranking system, schools, seminars, products, journal, news, information. They offer a
new DVD by Yang Jun on the traditional long hand form. Products include DVD, book,
swords and supplies, and T-shirts. Some short articles are offered. This organization
hosts many Yang Family hand form and saber form workshops around the USA and abroad.

Yang, Jwing-Ming Ph.D., (1945-). Noted master, teacher and author. He has published
many books, videotapes, and DVD's about the Yang style of Taijiquan. Boston, MA.

Yang Long Form. Tai Chi for Health. By Terry Dunn, a student of Abraham Liu. 120 minute
VHS instructional videotape.

Yang Lu-Chan (1799-1872) Founder of Yang Style Taijiquan. Grandfather of
Yang Cheng-Fu. AKA: Yang Fu Quai. Biography 1 Biography 2 Biography 3

Yang Shao-Hou (1862-1930) Yang Cheng-Fu's older brother.

Yang's Martial Arts Association. Yang, Jwing-Ming (1945-) Ph.D. Boston, MA.

Yang Style Short Form Simplified 24 Movements, Tai Chi Chuan, Yang Style, Beijing
Standard. List of the movements (.html and .pdf), links, bibliography, quotations, and notes.

Yang Style Tai Chi. Videotape featuring Fu Zhong Wen and his grandson. Chinese narration.
TC Media.

Yang Style Tai Chi Chuan. By Yang Jwing-Ming. Hollywood, CA, Unique Publications,
1982. 207 pages. The standard form in 113 movements. Includes material on
pushing hands, applications, and the narrow blade sword routine. Hundreds of
photographs with detailed descriptions. ISBN: 086568023X.

Yang Style Tai Chi Chuan. Presented by Master Ye Xiao Long. Instructional
VHS videotape. Part 1, 70 minutes. Part 2, 61 minutes.

Yang Style Tai Chi Chuan and Its Applications.   By Yang, Jwing-Ming. VHS videotape.
Boston, YMAA Publications, 1995. ASIN: 0940871181.   Applications for postures
in the 24, 48 and 108 forms.

Yang Style T'ai Chi Ch'uan: Bibliography, Links, Quotes, Resources, Notes, Movement
Lists. 207Kb+. Researched by Michael P. Garofalo. Published at the Cloud Hands website.
Provides a list of the movements of the standard 108 long form of the Yang style divided into
five sections for teaching (.html and .pdf versions available). Includes a detailed bibliography
and links list. Provides a list comparing the Yang Long Form 108 to 85 postures sequence.
Includes links to video clips online.

Yang Style Taijiquan. By Yang Zhenduo. Written by the third son of Yang Cheng-fu.
Beijing, Morning Glory Publishers, 1996. 600 photographs, 291 pages.
ISBN: 7505404814. MGC.

Yang-style Taiji Quan. DVD instructional videotapes. Volumes I, II, III. Explained
by Yang Zhengduo, the 4th-generation exponent of Yang style Taijiquan. Includes
some demonstrations by Yang Jun. Explanation in Mandarin by Yang Zhengduo,
Enlish language voice translation by Christopher Pei. Made in China. Volume
I, 115 minutes in color. Volume II, 125 minutes, in color. Volume III, 97 minutes
in color. Detailed explanations by sections. Complete demonstrations of the
103 Forms and 49 Forms routines on each volume. MGC. Distributed by:
Source 1, Source 2, Source 3, Source 4, Source 5. Yang Zhengduo is the son of
Yang Cheng-Fu; and Yang Jun is the grandson of Yang Zheng-duo.

Yang Style Taijiquan. Traditional Yang Style Slow Form. Reference video for the
Taijiquan Tutelage of Palo Alto. Performed by Michael Chan. Instructional VHS.

Yang Style Tai-Chi Chuan, 108 Movements. By Master Yu Cheng Hsiang. VHS instructional
videotape, 60 minutes.

Yang Tai Chi Classical Routine. Instructional DVD, 3 discs, 337 minutes. English and
Chinese soundtrack with subtitles. "In this set of DVDs, they give a thorough illustration
of the characteristics and practicing methods of The Yang Style Tai Chi, including a
demonstration and illustration of the traditional 103-Form and the simplified 49-Form
Yang Tai Chi Chuan. This set of DVDs is a good teaching material because each of
movement, hand technique and body shape are detailedly demonstrated and explained
during the course of practice, so it makes even the beginners who have never heard of
Tai Chi Chuan can learn it well in a very short time. Furthermore, it is also useful for those
who want to improve their practicing level. They are taught and demonstrated by Master
Yang Zhen Duo, the well-known Fourth Offspring of The Yang Style Tai Chi Chuan."
Available from Tai Chi Depot, Information

Yang Taijiquan. Instructional VHS videotapes by Lu Gui Rong of Shanghai. Part of the
China's Living Treasures Series. Volume 37, Part 1, Yang Training Basics, VHS,
56 minutes. Volume 38, Part 2, Yang Long Form, First Section, VHS, 61 minutes.
Volume 39, Yang Long Form, Second Section, VHS, 81 minutes. Volume 40,
Part 3, Yang Long Form, Third Section, VHS 80 minutes.

Yongnian Taiji Martial Arts Center. Ted Knecht. This group has produced videotapes
on the Yang Long 108 form, Yang sword, Yang broadsword, and qigong forms. Links,
resources, and articles.

Learning the Yang Cheng-Fu Long Hand Form Style (94/108) of T'ai Chi Ch'uan.
What Books, Videos, DVDs, or VCDs are Useful?

When I began to study Yang style T'ai Chi Ch'uan in 1986, there were relatively few
choices in books or videotapes to supplement direct instruction from a Taiji teacher.
Now, in 2005, there are scores of options, in multiple media formats. There are
many excellent instructional videotapes, VCDs, and DVDs available, with detailed
instructions and informative live presentations by noted masters to supplement your
direct instruction. In addition, there are a few good books and videotapes to help you
to get started on your Taijiquan learning journey if a live instructor is not accessible -
supplemented by workshops on the long form. Everyone can now begin the study of
this classical art to achieve better health, fitness, coordination, relaxation, self-defense
awareness, balance, concentration, and inner calmness.

I frequently get email from people asking me to recommend books or
videotapes, VCDs, or DVDs for them to use to study Yang style Taijiquan. This is
a difficult question for me to answer since, as a retired person, I cannot afford to purchase
most of the books, videos or DVDs listed in this bibliography. (I welcome authors or
publishers sending me a copy to review. I also greatly appreciate those readers who send
me gifts.). I also welcome suggestions from my readers about this topic.

Based upon the limited number of copies I have reviewed,
I recommend the following:

1. If you do have an instructor teaching you the Yang style taijiquan long form , then
consider starting with:

The Teachings of Master T. T. Liang: Imagination Becomes Reality. A Complete Guide to the
150 Posture Solo Form. Compiled by Stuart Alve Olson. 287 pages. Minnesota, Dragon Door
Publications, 1986, 1992. Second Edition. ISBN: 0938045091. Hundreds of detailed
pictures of the form, including some interesting multi-exposure photographs of Mr. Olson doing
the long form. This is an outstanding guide to the Yang Style form. The explanations are
superior and the photography outstanding. One of my favorite guides to Yang style T'ai
Chi Ch'uan. $32.50 retail. This book is very useful even if you don't have an instructor.

2. If you do not have an instructor, and want to begin your study at home, alone, then
consider purchasing both books and DVD/videos:

a. Mastering Yang Style Taijiquan. Bu Fu Zongwen (1903-1994). Translated by Louis Swaim.
Berkeley, California, North Atlantic Books, 1999. Glossary, bibliography, 226 pages.
Translations of many Tai Chi classics are included. A list of the 85 movement long form
and detailed notes and descriptions of each movement are provided. 251 movement
analysis illustrations. Over 76 of the illustrations are traced and drawn from photographs of
Yang Cheng-Fu. Detailed descriptions of the long form, pp. 26-162. Push hands information.
Yang Tai Chi essentials. ISBN: 1556433182. I have found this to be an excellent book!
This book was first published in 1963 in China as "Yang Shi Taijiquan". An informative
introduction and good translation by Louis Swaim. $16.95 retail.

b. Yang-style Taiji Quan. DVD instructional videotapes. Volumes I, II, III. Explained
by Yang Zhengduo, the 4th-generation exponent of Yang style Taijiquan. Includes
some demonstrations by Yang Jun. Explanation in Mandarin by Yang Zhengduo,
Enlish language voice translation by Christopher Pei. Made in China. Volume
I, 115 minutes in color.   Volume II, 125 minutes, in color. Volume III, 97 minutes
in color. Detailed explanations by sections. Complete demonstrations of the
103 Forms and 49 Forms routines on each volume. Distributed by:
Source 1, Source 2, Source 3, Source 4, Source 5. Three Volumes for $45.00.
Yang Zhengduo is the son of Yang Cheng-Fu; and Yang Jun is the grandson of
Yang Zhengduo.

c. Yang Style Taijiquan. By Yang Zhenduo. Written by the third son of Yang Cheng-fu.
Beijing, Morning Glory Publishers, 1996. 600 photographs, 291 pages.
ISBN: 7505404814. Edited by Yu Zhenquan. Retail for $10.95.

d. T'ai Chi For Health - Yang Long Form with Terence Dunn. VHS videotape, and DVD
formats. 120 minutes. Healing Arts, 1990. Produced and created by Terence Dunn.
DVD ASIN: B0002ZDR80.   VHS ISBN: 6301866584. An excellent instructional videotape!
Fine studio photography with a clear front view and with a side view insert.  This very
reasonably priced videotape is, in my opinion, the best for the price in the genre and should
be a first choice for beginners.  Good, clear, understandable instructions. $18.00 retail
for the new DVD and/or video, and for under $10 new and used.

a. Tai Chi Secrets of the Yang Style by Yang, Jwing-Ming, Ph.D..
Dr. Yang has also published numerous books, videotapes and DVDs about the
Yang style hand and sword forms. YMAA, Yang's Martial Arts Association.
Boston, MA.   Those looking for a comprehensive distance learning progam will
find Sifu Yang Jwing-Ming's publications to be an excellent resource.

b. The Taijiquan Classics: An Annotated Translation.   By Barbara Davis. Includes a
commentary by Chen Wei-ming. San Franscisco, North Atlantic Books, 2004.
Index, bibliography, notes, 200 pages. ISBN: 1556434316.   There are also
other good books on the Taijiquan Classics to consider.

c. Cheng Man-ch'ing (1901-1975) Consider his books and those by his many students.
Although Professor Cheng practiced a short version of the form, the explanations of the
principles of Taijiquan and the clear emphasis on the health benefits and joys of practicing
are very valuable to all new students. A good example of his influence is found in:
The Tai Chi Book: Beginning and Enjoying a Lifetime of Practice, by Robert Chuckrow,

"T'ai Chi Ch'uan bases itself exclusively on gentleness, softness, naturalness and bringing
you back to your original nature. Daily training makes the muscles and bones become
softer and more pliable, and it especially causes the breath to become natural. These
are the results of disciplining and refining the ching, ch'i, and shen to the end of your
days. How then can you consider dispensing with your kung or wish to suffer bitterly."
- Chen Yen-lin, 1932, Cultivating the Ch'i, Translated by Stuart Alve Olson, p. 30.

"A fact sheet on the meaning of the 108 moves in Tai Chi, put out by the Taoist Tai Chi Society in the U.S.,
states that the 36 major and minor yang channels in the body are the "Celestial Deities" while the yin elements
in the body are the "72 Terrestrial Deities." The combined total is 108, a "number divined by Chang San Feng
himself" (Chang, an 11th century Taoist monk, is considered the founder of Tai Chi). The statement goes on to
say that "the full 108 symbolizes the harmonious balance of yin and yang and therefore lead to health. The union
of all yin and yang elements represent the return to the holistic and undifferentiated state of the Tao." The term
undifferentiated means there are no distinctions; all is one."

"Yang Chen Fu (1833-1936) exemplifies the highest natural talent and achievement in
Tai-Chi since he was entirely self-taught after his father (Yang Chian, 1839-1917) died.
His great example encourages us that even if excellent teachers are hard to find, we can
develop by ourselves if we really understand and apply the theories and principles of
Tai-Chi Chuan. The current forms of so-called Yang's Tai-Chi were defined and regulated
by him. Yang's style, which is comfortable, generous, light and stable, has be recognized
as the easiest and most popular one."
- The Tao of Tai-Chi Chuan: Way to Rejuvenation. By Jou, Tsung Hwa. p. 46.

"The standard Yang set today is Yang Chengfu's final revision of 85 postures, which he
demonstrated in his book published in 1936. Most of the other books published since then,
including many Western ones, are either variations or reflections of the author's own personal
expression of the set. ... One should note that right from its creation, Yang Taijiquan has
always been combat-oriented. Yang Chengfu always emphasized that the set should be
practiced with its martial applications in mind. These applications may be taught through
the fast set, individual posture explanations, tui shou (push hands), san shou (fixed-step
sparring) and san da (free sparring)."
- Alex Yeo, "The Complete Yang Taijiquan System, Part 4.", Tai Chi, June 2003, p.45

"The boxing in question in its original form had only three movements, and was thus called
Laosandao (Old Three Cuts). It was changed by Mr. Wang Zongyue and increased to 13 forms.
That is one of the main reasons why this boxing has lost its quintessence. If it is practiced for
the purpose of preserving one's health, it will only restrain one's spirit and energy and bring
discomfort to the practitioner. If practiced for actual combat, it will only do harm to the limbs.
Its other functions, if any, are nothing more than idling away the practitioners time and
confusing his mind."
- Wang Xiangzhai, The Tao of Yiquan, p. 98

Aside from personal practice and instructions from teachers, I did a detailed comparison
and study of the Yang style long hand form as presented in different books, videotapes,
DVDs, and VCDs. I also compared and charted the differences between the 108 movement
Yang long hand form and the 88 movement Yang long hand form.

How to list and count the number of movements in the traditional Yang Family style of
T'ai Chi Ch'uan long form varies from author to author. It all depends upon how you group
the movements.  For example, Grasping the Sparrow's Tail can be listed as one
movement with four parts (Ward Off, Roll Back, Press, and Push) or as four separate
movements. Sometimes, the first time Grasping the Sparrow's Tail is listed it is broken
into four movements, but any time it appears later it is then listed as one movement with
four parts. Is Cloud Hands one movement, or three movements? Is Step Back and
Repulse the Monkey one movement or two movements (left side then right side) repeated
two times each? Is Turn, Backfist, Parry and Punch one movement or four movements?
Are Brush Knee and Twist Step to the right and Brush Knee and Twist Step to the left
two movements, or are they one movement?

Many students will benefit from having a list of the sequence of the movements in the
section of the T'ai Chi Ch'uan 108 long hand form they are practicing. The following list
of the 108 movement Yang style long form is little more than a list to jog the
memory. You are welcome to use the lists that I provide for my students in the
Valley Spirit Taijiquan Club. These lists are in HTML and PDF formats. You can print
the PDF documents, post your notes on the documents, and use them as handy
lists during the learning process. I hope you will find the lists useful, and I
welcome your comments and suggestions.

Leg Weighting = e.g., 30R/70L means that 30% of the body weight is in the right leg
and 70% of the body weight is in the left leg. The weighting refers to the final stage of
any listed movement. RL = Right leg, right foot. LL = Left leg, left foot

Directional Instructions
Key	Clock Hour Direction	Compass Direction A

N 12	12:00 o'clock	North - Front Side of Body
NE 1	1:30 o'clock	Northeast
E 3	3:00 o'clock	East - Right Side of Body
SE 4	4:30 o'clock	Southeast
S 6	6:00 o'clock	South - Back Side of Body
SW 7	7:30 o'clock	Southwest
W 9	9:00 o'clock	West - Left Side of Body
NW 10	10:30 o'clock	Northwest

Some might find other diagrams for the four cardinal directions more useful for their
Taijiquan workout environment and situation, and these can be found on my
webpage which describes the alternatives for this nomencalture more completely.
There are directional keys for all four cardinal directions on that webpage. Some
adjustments in the directions for facing and moving must, of course, be modified
depending upon the space available in your practice area.

When the center of your chest and navel face the 12 o'clock position or north,
your right or east side faces 3 o'clock, your back or south side faces 6 o'clock,
and your left or west side faces 9 o'clock. .

This method can be used to describe a posture like Single Whip (Chest W 9, R Arm N 12,
L Arm and Palm W 9, Face and Eyes W 9). Or, Diagonal Slant Flying (Chest NW 10,
Right Arm NE 1, Left Arm SW 7, Face and Eyes NE 1). Remember that "NE 1" is a key,
or abbreviation for facing true NE to the 1:30 position; or "SW 7" is the abbreviation or
key for facing true SW to the 7:30 position.

In the description below, the direction key gives the bearing of the center of the chest and
the navel at the end of the particular movement.

#	Direction Key	Name of Movement	Description, Comments

1,	N 12	Preparation	Standing Wu Chi, Compose oneself, Head up, Arms at sides, Feet together, Stay relaxed and loose (Sung)
2.	N 12	Step Out, Raise and Lower Hands	Step to the left, 50R/50L, Stand tall, Raise and lower the arms, Sink, Bend knees, Sung - Loosen, Open, Relax
3.	N 12	Ward-Off Left	Block R forearm, step to the left side, L arm Ward-off (Peng) to the L side with L forearm, R hand down, 30R/70L for legs.
4.	E 3	Grasping the Sparrow's Tail	Step to the right side, Face E 3, Ward-off (Peng) R rounded forearm, 70R/30L. Double Ward Off both hands, chest high. Roll Back (Lu), 40R/60L Press (Ji), 70R/30L Push (An), 70R/30L
5.	W 9	Single Whip	Circle Arms counter-clockwise 180� to L, then circle back to R, Beak R fist, Press L palm to W9 chest high, Step W9 to 30R/70L, Right arm to NE1.5
6.	NW 10	Raise Hands, Shoulder Stroke	Lift hands, 30R/70L, R hand high, R Heel, Step R foot to N12, Shoulder stroke (Kao), L palm to R bicep, 70R/30L, Lean shoulder towards N12
7.	W 9	White Crane Spreads Its Wings	95/5L, Face W9, R hand up high, L hand at hip, L foot forward with toe down.
8.	W 9	Brush Left Knee, Right Palm Strike	Raise R hand to head, Step L leg, Brush L knee, Palm strike R hand to W9, 30R/70L
9.	W 9	*Play the Pi Pa* (Lute, Guitar)**	Half step R foot, 90R/10L, L fingers at face level, R fingers at waist level, fingers up, L heel stance
10.	W 9	Brush Left Knee, Right Palm Strike	#8
11.	W 9	Brush Right Knee, Left Palm Strike	Raise L hand to head, Pivot on L heel, Step R leg, Brush R knee, Palm strike with L hand, 70R/30L
12.	W 9	Brush Left Knee, Right Palm Strike	#8
13.	W 9	Play the Pi Pa	#9
14.	W 9	Brush Left Knee, Right Palm Strike	#8
15.	W 9	Step Forward, Intercept, Parry and Punch	Turn left, Torso S 6, Pivot-twist on L heel, 40R/60L. Twist step forward R leg, Block-intercept with R forearm, Twist on R heel, Sink, Move R fist to R hip, 60R/40L. Step forward with left foot to W 9, Parry-control with L hand, Punch with R fist forward - chest high, L hand to R forearm, 30R/70L
16.	W 9	Apparent Withdraw then Push	Pull arms in, shift weight back and down, cross block hands in & out, Push up and out with both palms (An) to W9, 30R/70L.
17.	N 12	Cross Hands	Hands circle down and up. Turn, take Horse Stance. Cross hands at chest with R hand in front, 50R/50L, Facing N12

#	Direction Facing	Name of Movement	Comments

18.	SE 4	Embrace the Tiger, Return to the Mountain	Move arms NE to NW then pivot to SE, Brush R knee, L palm strike, R hand at waist, 70R/30L
19.	SE 4	Grasping the Sparrow's Tail	Roll Back (Lu), 40R/60L, #4 Press (Ji), 70R/30L, #4 Push (An), 70R/30L, #4
20.	W 9	Fist Under Elbow	Circle arms 180� to NW then back, Twist L foot, Short step L foot twist, Step wide R leg to N, Turn W, Step W with left heel, 80R/20L, L hand high, R fist under L elbow
21.	W 9	Step Back, Repulse Monkey - Right	Face W 9, Move back to E 3, Step back L leg to E 3, L arm moves back to E 3, R arm moves to W9 R palm forward , 20R/80L
22.	W 9	Step Back, Repulse Monkey - Left	Face W, Move back to E, Step back R leg E 3, R arm moves back to E3, L arm move to W9 L palm forward, 80R/20L
23.	W 9	Step Back, Repulse Monkey - Right	#21
24.	NE 1	Diagonal Slant Flying	Step to NE with R foot, R hand high and palm up to NE, L hand back and low, 70R/30L
25.	N 12	Raise Hands, Shoulder Stroke	Lift Hands, R hand high, Step forward R heel, 30R/70L, #6 Shoulder stroke (Kao), L palm at R shoulder, 70R/30L, #6, Shoulder to N12, Face to W9
26.	W 9	White Crane Spreads Its Wings	90R/10L, Face W, R hand up high, #7
27.	W 9	Brush Left Knee and Push	Step L leg, Brush L knee, Palm strike R hand W, #8
28.	W 9	Needle at Sea Bottom	90R/10L, L toe stance, R hand down, L hand chest
29.	N 12	Fan Through the Back	30R/70L, L and forward from shoulder to NW, R hand back at face, Look to NW
30.	E 3	Turn, Chop with Fist	Turn 90� to E3, Chop down with R fist, R fist to waist, L palm strike, 70R/30L
31.	E 3	Step Forward, Parry and Punch	#15, but reverse direction from #15
32.	NE 1	Ward-Off Left	Step forward with L leg to NE 1.5, Ward-off L side with L forearm, 30R/70L, #4
33.	E 3	Grasping the Sparrow's Tail	Double Ward Off Hands to E 3 side, Hands at chest high, Roll back, Press, and Push to E3, #4
34.	W 9	Single Whip	Circle hands R to L then back, Step L leg, R hand claw L palm strike to W9, R claw hand to NE, 30R/70L, #5
35.	N 12	Wave Hands Like Clouds	Wide spread hands R high, Step W with R foot Move hands L to R with R hand high, Step Reverse hands move from E 3 Right to L, Step to W 9 Reverse hands move L to R, Step to W 9 Reverse hands move R to L, Step Palms face body Move from E 3 to W 9
36.	W 9	Single Whip	Hands L to R circle, beak R hand, Palm strike L hand to 9, #5
37.	W 9	High Pat on Horse	R hand at face palm down, L hand at waist palm up, L toe stance, 90R/10L

#	Direction Facing	Name of Movement	Comments

38.	SW 7	Kick with Right Toe	Step to SW 7.5 with L foot (Separate Feet), Circle hands, Separate hands, Kick with R toe to NW 10.5, 0R/100L
39.	NW 10	Kick with Left Toe	Step to NW with R foot, Circle hands, Separate hands, Kick with L toe to SW, 100R/0L
40.	SE 4	Turn, Kick with Left Sole	Pivot on R foot 180� to L, Separate hands, Kick with L sole to NE, 100R/0L
41.	E 3	Brush Left Knee, Push	Step L leg, Brush L knee, Palm strike with R hand, # 8
42.	E 3	Brush Right Knee, Push	Step R leg, Brush R knee, Palm strike with L hand, #11
43.	SE 4	Step Up, Punch Downward	Step L leg, Sink down, Punch low with R fist, 30R/70L
44.	W 9	Turn, Chop with Fist	Pivot 135� to R, R back fist down, L palm strike, #30
45.	W 9	Step Forward, Parry, Punch	Advance step R foot, Pivot Twist on R foot, Parry, Step forward with L foot, Punch with R fist, 30R/70L, #15
46.	SW 7	Kick with Right Sole	Circle hands, Separate hands, Kick with R sole to NW
47.	W 9	Strike Tiger, Left Side	Step to S with L leg, Face W, Intercept with R hand, L fist high, R fist at chest, 20R/80L, Body leans to S
48.	W 9	Strike Tiger, Right Side	Turn to R, Step to N with R leg, Intercept with L hand, R fist high, L fist at chest, Face W, 80R/20L, Body Leans to N
49.	SW 7	Kick with Right Sole	Circle hands, Separate hands, Kick NW with R sole, 0R/100L
50.	NW 10	Strike Opponent's Ears with Fists	Pivot on L foot, Raise R knee, Step with R foot to NW, Box ears with both fists, 70R/30L
51.	NW 10	Kick with Left Sole	Circle hands, Separate hands, Kick SW with L sole, Arms wide, 100R/0L, #40
52.	S 6	Pivot Around, Kick with Right Sole	270� pivot on L foot, Circle hands, Separate hands, Kick with R sole to W
53.	W 9	Step Forward, Deflect, Parry and Punch	#15
54.	W 9	Apparent Withdraw and Push	#16
55.	N 12	Cross Hands	#17

#	Direction Facing	Name of Movement	Comments

56.	SE 4	Embrace Tiger, Return to Mountain	#18
57.	SE 4	Grasping the Sparrow's Tail	#19
58.	N 12	Horizontal Single Whip	#5, 30R/70L
59.	E 3	Parting the Wild Horse's Mane - Right	R Leg forward, Split, R Hand high, 70R/30L
60.	E 3	Parting the Wild Horse's Mane - Left	L Leg forward, Split, L Hand high, 30R/70L
61.	E 3	Parting the Wild Horse's Mane - Right	#59
62.	N 12	Ward-Off Left	#3
63.	E 3	Grasping the Sparrow's Tail	#4: Ward-Off Right, Roll Back, Press, Push
64.	W 9	Single Whip	#5
65.	NE 1	Fair Lady Works the Shuttles - Left	Pivot 120�, Turn to L side, L hand high block palm out, R palm strike, 40R/60L
66.	NW 10	Fair Lady Works the Shuttles - Right	Pivot 270�, Turn to R side, R hand high block palm out, R palm strike, 40R/60L
67.	SW 7	Fair Lady Works the Shuttles - Left	Pivot 90�, Turn to L side, L hand high block palm out, R palm strike, 40R/60L #65
68.	SE 4	Fair Lady Works the Shuttles - Right	Pivot 270�, Turn to R side, R hand high block palm out, L palm strike, 60R/40L, #66
69.	N 12	Ward-Off Left	#3
70.	E 3	Grasping the Sparrow's Tail	#4: Ward-Off Right, Roll Back, Press, Push
71.	W 9	Single Whip	#5
72.	N 12	Wave Hands Like Clouds	#35, Step W, Move from E to W
73.	W 9	Single Whip	#5
74.	W 9	Snake Creeps Down	Squat down on R leg, snake down L leg with L hand
75.	W 9	Golden Rooster Stands on Left Leg	R hand over raised R knee, L palm down at waist
76.	W 9	Golden Rooster Stands on Right Leg	L hand over raised L knee, R palm down at waist
77.	W 9	Step Back, Repulse Monkey - Right	#21, move W to E, step back with L leg, R palm forward
78.	W 9	Step Back, Repulse Monkey - Left	#22, move W to E, step back with R leg, L palm forward
79.	W 9	Step Back, Repulse Monkey - Right	#77
80.	NE 1	Diagonal Slant Flying	#24
81.	N 12	Raise Hands, Shoulder Stroke	#25
82..	W 9	White Crane Spreads Its Wings	#26

#	Direction Facing	Name of Movement	Comments

83.	W 9	Brush Left Knee and Push	#27
84.	W 9	Needle at Sea Bottoml	#28
85.	N 12	Fan Through the Back	#29, R Palm to W, L Palm to E, Sepatate Hands
86.	E 3	White Snake Darts Out Tongue	Pivot, Back Fist, R palm strike upward, L palm up at waist, 70R/30L
87.	E 3	Step Forward, Parry and Punch	#31
88.	NE 1	Ward-Off Left	#32
89.	E 3	Grasping the Sparrow's Tail	#33: Double Ward-Off, Roll back, Press, Push
90.	W 9	Single Whip	#34, R hand in hook gesture
91.	N 12	Wave Hands Like Clouds	#35, Move from E to W
92.	W 9	Single Whip	#36
93.	W 9	High Pat on Horse	#37
94.	W 9	Plain Crossed Hands	Step out L leg, 30R/70L, L hand jab palm up, R palm in armpit
95.	E 3	Turn and Cross Kick	Pivot 180� to R, Cross hands, Separate hands, Kick R heel to E
96.	SE 4	Step up, Punch downward	#43
97.	NE 1	Ward-Off Left	#32
98.	E 3	Grasping the Sparrow's Tail	#33: Double Ward-Off, Roll Back, Press, Push
99.	W 9	Single Whip	#34
100.	W 9	Snake Creeps Down	#74, Squat down on R leg
101.	W 9	Step up to Seven Stars	R leg steps forward, 10R/90L, Crossed fists in front, R fist outside
102.	W 9	Step Back to Tiger	R leg steps back, 90R/10L, R hand high, L hand at waist
103.	W 9	Lotus Kick	Pivot 360�, R leg Lotus Kick, Slap R foot
104.	W 9	Draw the Bow, Shoot the Tiger	L to R waist pivot, 70R/30L bow, L fist straight forward, R fist at head
105.	W 9	Step Forward, Deflect, Parry, Punch	#15
106.	W 9	Apparent Withdraw then Push	#16
107.	N 12	Cross Hands	#17
108.	N 12	Conclusion	#1

Valley Spirit T'ai Chi Ch'uan Club

Red Bluff, Tehama County, North Sacramento Valley, Northern California, U.S.A.
Cities in the area: Oroville, Paradise, Durham, Chico, Hamilton City, Orland, Willows, Corning,
Rancho Tehama, Los Molinos, Tehama, Proberta, Gerber, Manton, Cottonwood,
Anderson, Shasta Lake, Palo Cedro, Igo, Ono, Redding, Shasta, Dunsmuir,
Shingletown, Burney, Mt. Shasta City, Weaverville, Yreka, Williams, Colusa,
Chester, Susanville, Weed, Gridley, Marysville, Yuba City, CA, California.

Tai Chi Chuan, Taijiquan, T'ai Chi Ch'uan, Tai Chi, Tai Ji Quan, Taiji, Tai Ji Chuan

Chi Kung, Qi Gong, Qigong, Chee Gung, Qi, Chi, Neigong
Yang Long Form, Long Boxing, Open and Wide Stance Form, Long Yang Form
Yang Family Long Form, Yang Family Traditional Long Form,
Yang Family Taijiquan, Yang Standard Long Form, Traditional Yang Family Form

Yang Style Taijiquan Long Form Yang Cheng-Fu's T'ai Chi Ch'uan Long Empty Hand Form

Researched by Michael P. Garofalo

Yang Style Taijiquan Long Form

Yang Cheng-Fu's T'ai Chi Ch'uan Long Empty Hand Form

Researched by
Michael P. Garofalo